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The effect of the local weather on the ecology at an elevation could be largely captured through a mixture of quantity of precipitation, and the biotemperature, as described by Leslie Holdridge in 1947. Biotemperature is the imply temperature; all temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) are thought-about to be 0 °C. When the temperature is below 0 °C, plants are dormant, so the precise temperature is unimportant. The peaks of mountains with everlasting snow can have a biotemperature under 1.5 °C (34.7 °F). Glacial processes produce attribute landforms, similar to pyramidal peaks, knife-edge arêtes, and bowl-shaped cirques that may include lakes. Plateau mountains, such as the Catskills, are formed from the erosion of an uplifted plateau.

Sunlight in the visible spectrum hits the ground and heats it. Whether a landform is known as a mountain may depend on native usage. Mount Scott exterior Lawton, Oklahoma, USA, is just 251 m from its base to its highest level. Whittow’s Dictionary of Physical Geography states “Some authorities regard eminences above 600 metres as mountains, those beneath being referred to as hills.” Mountains are shaped by way of tectonic forces, erosion, or volcanism, which act on time scales of up to tens of …